What is a notable adverse effect of tetracycline use in developing teeth and pregnancy?

• A. Hearing loss
• B. Nephrotoxicity
• C. Hepatic failure
• D. Tooth discoloration and enamel hypoplasia

Answer: (D)

Tetracycline exposure during tooth development and pregnancy leads to tooth discoloration and enamel hypoplasia because the drug binds calcium and becomes incorporated into mineralizing tissues. As teeth form, tetracycline deposits in dentin and enamel, causing persistent yellow-to-brown staining and disrupting enamel matrix formation, which results in enamel hypoplasia. This effect is why the drug is avoided in pregnant women and young children whose teeth are still developing. Other adverse effects like hearing loss, nephrotoxicity, or hepatic failure are not the characteristic concerns in this context.