Vitamin P is commonly associated with which combination of flavonoids?

• A. Rutin and Hesperidin
• B. Rutin, Quercetin and Hesperidin
• C. Quercetin, Diosmin and Naringin
• D. Rutin and Hesperetin

Answer: (A)

Vitamin P refers to a group of flavonoids that help preserve capillary integrity and reduce permeability. The classic combination associated with this term is rutin and hesperidin. Rutin is quercetin-3-rutinoside, and hesperidin is hesperetin-7-rutinoside; together they were historically identified as vascular-protective flavonoids and are commonly discussed as the prototype of Vitamin P. Their actions include strengthening capillary walls, reducing fragility, and providing antioxidant effects that help prevent leakage into surrounding tissues. While other flavonoids like quercetin, diosmin, or naringin have vascular benefits, they are not the specific duo traditionally grouped under Vitamin P, and hesperidin—not hesperetin—is the canonical component, since hesperetin is the aglycone. Therefore, this pairing best matches the concept associated with Vitamin P.