Early dental caries involve demineralization of enamel due to acid produced by bacteria.

• A. False
• B. Not related
• C. Sometimes
• D. True

Answer: (D)

Bacteria in dental plaque metabolize sugars and generate acids that lower the enamel surface pH, leading to demineralization. When the pH drops below about 5.5, the calcium and phosphate minerals in hydroxyapatite dissolve, causing mineral loss from the enamel. In the early stage, this often appears as a white-spot lesion under an intact surface and can be reversed with remineralization, especially with fluoride and good saliva flow. If the demineralization continues, cavitation can occur. So the statement is true because acid produced by plaque bacteria is the driving cause of early enamel demineralization.